Impact of social policies on urban poverty reduction in Ecuador: a critical análisis

Abstract

This study critically examines the impact of social policies on reducing urban poverty in Ecuador, focusing on settings with high structural inequality and social vulnerability. Based on a documentary and bibliographic review, it analyzes key programs such as the Human Development Voucher, social housing initiatives, and educational inclusion strategies. The research highlights notable achievements, including expanded social coverage and improved basic living conditions. However, it also identifies persistent challenges, such as limited program sustainability, inadequate targeting of beneficiaries, and weak citizen participation. The study concludes that, while social policies have contributed to a partial reduction in urban poverty, they have fallen short of addressing its structural roots. Factors such as territorial inequality, precarious access to services, labor informality, and social exclusion continue to affect urban populations. Additionally, political instability, economic crises, and the lack of meaningful citizen engagement undermine the continuity, legitimacy, and long-term effectiveness of these policies.