Labor Policy and Decent Work in Ecuador: A Critical Analysis from the Social Work Perspective

Abstract

Social policies in Ecuador have evolved in response to phenomena such as globalization, inequality, and institutional crisis. Over the past few decades, the country has implemented numerous strategies to improve the well-being of the population, especially the most vulnerable. However, these policies have been influenced by economic cycles and government changes, which has led to variations in their effectiveness. One of the fundamental pillars of Ecuadorian social policy is active inclusion, which seeks to integrate marginalized groups through education, health, and employment programs. Despite these efforts, inequality remains a structural challenge, with significant gaps in access to basic services. The social investment paradigm has gained relevance in recent years, promoting strategies that not only address immediate needs but also seek to generate sustainable development. Models such as Second Welfare and mixed governance have been explored to improve the efficiency of public policies, allowing for greater civil society participation in decision-making. Despite progress, Ecuador faces challenges in financing its social policies. With a tax system that still struggles to redistribute resources, social innovation and community-based care are emerging as key alternatives for strengthening social cohesion and reducing the vulnerability of certain sectors.